Critter Factbook

Animals · Birds

Chickens: how long they live, when hens start laying, what eats them

Backyard laying hens. Each answer below is one line in our words, with the scope the source was writing about and the source’s own sentence further down.

Quick answers

QuestionAnswerScopeSourceChecked
How long they live Up to about 7 years. Hens lay well for roughly the first 2 to 4 of those years. Hens kept for eggs (Colorado State page) Colorado State University Extension
When hens start laying At 18 to 20 weeks of age according to Oregon State. Pullets (young hens), Oregon State guide Oregon State University Extension
When hens start laying (second source) At around 20 to 22 weeks according to Ohio State. The Oregon and Ohio guides disagree, so we list both. Hens, Ohio State fact sheet Ohio State University Extension
Peak laying At about 35 weeks, when a hen lays on more than 90 percent of days. Pullets, Oregon State guide Oregon State University Extension
How long an egg takes About 24 to 26 hours from start to finish. Hens, Ohio State fact sheet Ohio State University Extension
Daylight needed to keep laying More than 12 hours of light a day, holding steady or getting longer; 14 to 16 hours is typical. Laying hens, Oregon State guide Oregon State University Extension
Why laying slows Hens lay fewer eggs as they get older and during the winter months. Hens, Colorado State page Colorado State University Extension
What eats chickens Dogs, snakes, rats, owls and hawks, plus raccoons, mink and fishers. Backyard flocks, Colorado State page Colorado State University Extension

In the sources’ own words

How long they live

“Hens are productive egg layers for 2-4 years and have a life expectancy of up to 7 years.”

Colorado State University Extension, Poultry

Scope: Hens kept for eggs (Colorado State page)

When hens start laying

“A pullet (young female chicken) begins laying eggs at 18 to 20 weeks of age.”

Oregon State University Extension, Why Did My Chickens Stop Laying? (PNW 565)

Scope: Pullets (young hens), Oregon State guide

When hens start laying (second source)

“Hens start egg production when they reach sexual maturity at around 20–22 weeks of age.”

Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline), Fact sheet VME-0021

Scope: Hens, Ohio State fact sheet

Peak laying

“She reaches peak production at about 35 weeks, with a production rate greater than 90 percent…”

Oregon State University Extension, Why Did My Chickens Stop Laying? (PNW 565)

Scope: Pullets, Oregon State guide

How long an egg takes

“In a hen, it takes approximately 24–26 hours to produce an egg.”

Ohio State University Extension (Ohioline), Fact sheet VME-0021

Scope: Hens, Ohio State fact sheet

Daylight needed to keep laying

“…day length must increase or remain constant at more than 12 hours per day; a 14- to 16-hour day is typical.”

Oregon State University Extension, Why Did My Chickens Stop Laying? (PNW 565)

Scope: Laying hens, Oregon State guide

Why laying slows

“Egg production decreases as they age. Also, expect less eggs during the winter months.”

Colorado State University Extension, Poultry

Scope: Hens, Colorado State page

What eats chickens

“…chickens are also the subject of great interest to everything from domestic dogs to snakes, rats, owls, and hawks.”

“…when raccoons and members of the mink or fisher family are among the predators.”

Colorado State University Extension, Chickens and Predators

Scope: Backyard flocks, Colorado State page

What these sources do not say

  • How long roosters live. The lifespan figure is written for hens.
  • Differences between breeds. None of these pages breaks the laying age or lifespan down by breed.

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