Critter Factbook

Animals · Land mammals

Squirrels: whether they hibernate, what they eat, how long they live, and more

Tree squirrels and ground squirrels, which answer differently. Each answer below is one line in our words, with the scope the source was writing about and the source’s own sentence further down.

Quick answers

QuestionAnswerScopeSourceChecked
Do tree squirrels hibernate? No. Tree squirrels stay active and live on stored nuts through the winter. Tree squirrels; Oregon State page on the western gray squirrel Oregon State University Extension
Do ground squirrels hibernate? Yes. Wyoming ground squirrels go underground in late July or early August and stay there until March or April. Wyoming ground squirrel, Florissant Fossil Beds (Colorado) NPS, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument
What they eat Acorns, nuts, seeds, fruit, corn, insects and mushrooms, and now and then garbage. Eastern fox squirrel, Missouri National Recreational River NPS, Missouri National Recreational River
Summer foods Green plants, berries and insects on top of their usual nuts. Western gray squirrel, Oregon Oregon State University Extension
How long they live 1 to 6 years on average. Eastern gray squirrel, Lowell (Massachusetts) NPS, Lowell National Historical Park
Pregnancy and litter size A pregnancy of at least 6 weeks and a litter of one to five, most often two or three. Western gray squirrel, Oregon Oregon State University Extension
How much they weigh 18 to 33 ounces as adults. Western gray squirrel, Oregon Oregon State University Extension
What eats squirrels Bobcats, weasels, coyotes, hawks, owls and snakes, among others. Western gray squirrel, Oregon Oregon State University Extension

In the sources’ own words

Do tree squirrels hibernate?

“Tree squirrels don't hibernate. They store nuts to last through the winter.”

Oregon State University Extension, Wildlife in the Garden: Western Gray Squirrel (EC 1572)

Scope: Tree squirrels; Oregon State page on the western gray squirrel

Do ground squirrels hibernate?

“The squirrels enter their burrows in late July or early August and hibernate until the following March or April.”

National Park Service, Florissant Fossil Beds National Monument, Squirrels

Scope: Wyoming ground squirrel, Florissant Fossil Beds (Colorado)

What they eat

“…they eat a wide variety of foods like acorns, nuts, seeds, fruits, corn, insects, mushrooms, and occasionally garbage.”

National Park Service, Missouri National Recreational River, Squirrels

Scope: Eastern fox squirrel, Missouri National Recreational River

Summer foods

“In the summer, squirrels also eat green vegetation, berries, and insects.”

Oregon State University Extension, Wildlife in the Garden: Western Gray Squirrel (EC 1572)

Scope: Western gray squirrel, Oregon

How long they live

“Average Lifespan: 1 - 6 years…”

National Park Service, Lowell National Historical Park, Squirrel

Scope: Eastern gray squirrel, Lowell (Massachusetts)

Pregnancy and litter size

“Female squirrels give birth after being pregnant for at least 6 weeks. A litter can range from one to five young, though two or three seem common.”

Oregon State University Extension, Wildlife in the Garden: Western Gray Squirrel (EC 1572)

Scope: Western gray squirrel, Oregon

How much they weigh

“Adults weigh between 18 to 33 ounces.”

Oregon State University Extension, Wildlife in the Garden: Western Gray Squirrel (EC 1572)

Scope: Western gray squirrel, Oregon

What eats squirrels

“Squirrels are eaten by bobcats, weasels, coyotes, hawks, owls, snakes, and other predators.”

Oregon State University Extension, Wildlife in the Garden: Western Gray Squirrel (EC 1572)

Scope: Western gray squirrel, Oregon

What these sources do not say

  • Whether all ground squirrels keep the same dates. The July-to-April timing is for Wyoming ground squirrels at one park.
  • A lifespan for western gray or fox squirrels. The only figure here is for the eastern gray squirrel.

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