Critter Factbook

Animals · Land mammals

Wolves: where they live, what they eat, how long they live, and more

Gray wolves. Each answer below is one line in our words, with the scope the source was writing about and the source’s own sentence further down.

Quick answers

QuestionAnswerScopeSourceChecked
Where they live In many kinds of habitat, wherever there is enough prey and people tolerate them. Gray wolves, Colorado State page Colorado State University Extension
What they eat Mainly elk in the Rocky Mountains, also deer and sometimes moose, plus small mammals, insects and berries. Elk are about 90 percent of the diet in Yellowstone. Gray wolves in the Rocky Mountains and Yellowstone Colorado State University Extension
How long they live About 5 to 6 years on average in natural conditions; up to 14 years in rare cases. Gray wolves, Colorado State page Colorado State University Extension
Pack size About 10 wolves on average in Rocky Mountain areas with little human impact, such as national parks. Gray wolves, Rocky Mountains Colorado State University Extension
Pack size elsewhere Averages 5 at Lake Clark in Alaska; 4 to 8 on Isle Royale. Lake Clark (Alaska) and Isle Royale (Michigan) NPS, Lake Clark National Park & Preserve; NPS, Isle Royale National Park
Pups Mating from January to March, a pregnancy of about two months, then four to six pups in early spring. Gray wolves, Colorado State page Colorado State University Extension
How much they weigh Females 60 to 100 pounds, males 70 to 115 pounds. Gray wolves, Colorado State page Colorado State University Extension

In the sources’ own words

Where they live

“…can live in a variety of habitat types, wherever there is enough prey and where they are tolerated by humans.”

Colorado State University Extension, Wolf Taxonomy and Biology

Scope: Gray wolves, Colorado State page

What they eat

“In the Rocky Mountains, wolves feed on a variety of prey, primarily elk, but also deer and occasionally moose. In Yellowstone National Park, elk make up about 90% of their diet. Wolves also eat small mammals, insects, and berries.”

Colorado State University Extension, Wolf Taxonomy and Biology

Scope: Gray wolves in the Rocky Mountains and Yellowstone

How long they live

“Under natural conditions, average wolf lifespan is about 5-6 years.”

“Wolves can live up to 14 years, although this is rare.”

Colorado State University Extension, Wolf Taxonomy and Biology

Scope: Gray wolves, Colorado State page

Pack size

“In the Rocky Mountains, packs average about 10 wolves in areas with little human impact, such as national parks.”

Colorado State University Extension, Wolf Taxonomy and Biology

Scope: Gray wolves, Rocky Mountains

Pack size elsewhere

“The average pack size in Lake Clark is 5…”

National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park & Preserve, Wolves

“…they often live in small packs of four to eight members…”

National Park Service, Isle Royale National Park, Wolves

Scope: Lake Clark (Alaska) and Isle Royale (Michigan)

Pups

“Wolves typically mate in January through March and sometimes mate for life. After a gestation period of about two months, four to six pups are born in early spring and are cared for by the entire pack.”

Colorado State University Extension, Wolf Taxonomy and Biology

Scope: Gray wolves, Colorado State page

How much they weigh

“Female wolves typically weigh 60 to 100 pounds, and males 70 to 115 pounds.”

Colorado State University Extension, Wolf Taxonomy and Biology

Scope: Gray wolves, Colorado State page

What these sources do not say

  • Red wolves. The Colorado State page treats them as a separate species; the figures here are for gray wolves.
  • One pack size for everywhere. The parks give different averages, so we list them separately.

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